singular verb and noun and phrase and clause

singular verb and noun:

a. Read the following sentence:

1. The book is open.                The books are open.

2. The kite is beautiful.            The kites are beautiful.

3. The bird is in the sky.          The birds are in the sky.

In the first sentence the singular verb is used for the singular noun. In the second sentence the plural verb is used for the plural noun.


Fill in the blanks with the correct noun or verb forms.

1. The bird __________in the sky.

2. The ________ are in the sky.

3. The doors __________ open.

4. The buses _________ full.

5. The train __________ long.



phrase and clause:

Read the following sentence.

1. In spite of illness, kala went to school

A B

There is a group of words both in A and B. What is the difference between them?

There is no finite verb in A - It is a phrase.

There is a finite verb in B - It is a clause.


2. On seeing the elephant, the child was happy

A B

Phrase - on seeing the elephant

Clause - the child was happy

Note: ‘seeing’ is not a finite verb. It is non finite.

Read the following sentences and tabulate the phrases and clauses. The first one is done for you.

1. On account of Pongal, tomorrow will be a holiday.

2. I saw the sunrise, walking along the road.

3. The match was cancelled, owing to rain.

4. In the event of a good monsoon, we will get better yield.

5. She fell ill due to overwork.

6. In case of war, there will be a shortage of oil.

Phrase                                                                  Clause

1 On account of Pongal                                       1 tomorrow will be a holiday

2                                                                             2

3                                                                             3

4                                                                             4

5                                                                             5


6                                                                             6

Grammer-When we use articles

Articles

Look at the following words. We use ‘a’, an indefinite article before nouns beginning with a consonant sound.

a European             a Japanese            a Martian
a hangar                  a nest                    a feather
a one o’ clock          a chef                    a car

Look at the following words. Though they begin with a vowel letter, all the three begin with a consonant sound.

a university                              a European                     a one-way street

We use ‘an’, another indefinite article, before nouns beginning with a vowel sound.

an Indian           an Airplane                  an M.Sc.,            an hour ago


The form ‘an’ is used before nouns beginning with a mute ‘h’:

e.g. an honest man          an hour


The form ‘an’ is used before individual letters spoken with a vowel sound.

e.g. an M L A         an MP         an L-board         an ‘X’


Note: It is not the letter but the sound (vowel or consonant) that decides whether a word takes the article ‘a’ or ‘an’.


In the following cases, a/an must be omitted
(i) Before plural nouns
e.g. dogs, books, eggs

(ii) Before uncountable nouns
e.g. oil, hay, breakfast, water, jam

Task 1 : Fill in the blanks with indefinite articles ‘a’ or ‘an’. Mark ‘X’ where there isn’t any article.
1. …… empty vessel makes ……. lot of noise.

2. ……. idle mind is …… devil’s workshop.

3. …… apple ……day keeps the doctor away.

4. Make …. hay while the sun shines.

5. …… birds of …. feather flock together.

6. …… stitch in time saves nine.

7. …… little learning is …. dang’rous thing.

8. Hope is …… good breakfast but …. bad supper.

9. Don’t pour ….. oil on troubled waters.

10. …… beggars can’t be …. choosers.


Task 2: Fill in the blanks with ‘a’ or ‘an’.
…….. union of animals
When I stood under ………. eucalyptus tree, I saw – ……. amazing ant, ………. busy bee,
……. crazy cat, …….. one – horned deer, ……. envious elephant, ……… funny fox, ……. gentle giraffe, ……… honest hare, ……. idle insect, ……….. joyous jackal, ……. unique kangaroo, ……. angry lion, ……. interesting monkey, …….. naughty nightingale, ……. one-eyed owl, ……… proud peacock, ……. elegant quail, ……… red rabbit, ……. anxious sparrow, …….. tame tiger, ……. uniformed unicorn, ……. ambitious viper, ……. handsome whale, ……… ‘X’, ……. young yak and …….. checked zebra driving…… ‘L’ board car. Then they stopped at the airport and stood for ……… hour to buy ……… one-way ticket to go to ………… university in Siberia.

ADVERBS – A SUMMARY: Exercise

Fill in the examples!

No.	Names	Types and Examples
1.	Adverbs of Time	(which show when) Eg:
2.	Adverbs of Place	(which show where) Eg:
3.	Adverbs of Manner	(which show how or in what manner ) Eg:
4.	Adverbs of Manner	(which show how or in what manner) Eg:
5.	Adverbs of Degree or Quantity	(which shoe how much, or in what degree or to what extent) Eg:
6.	Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation:	(which strengthen the meaning of the verb) Eg:
7.	Adverbs of Reason:	(which show the ‘why’ or reason ) Eg:
8.	Interrogative adverbs:	(used to ask questions) Eg:

Underline the adverbs and name the kind of adverb in the given sentences:

1.       He gets up early in the morning. ____________

2.       Mohana looked down ___________

3.       He hardly works ___________

4.       He seldom comes here ______________

5.       Rani looks pretty well.________

6.       Why didn’t you come to school? __________

7.       Since it was cold, he more a sweater. ___________

8.       He was certainly angry ___________

9.       She has enough time to complete her work.____________

The Rani of Jhans fought bravely. __________